The protection and conservation of riparian vegetation generates great benefits for both nature and human beings. The different research groups demonstrate how it is essential to obtain good water quality, among other advantages. During the last decades, the expansion of agriculture and cattle raising has eliminated or reduced to a minimum the riparian vegetation in many rivers, which has modified the ecological function that it performs, and the environmental services that it provides, such as the water quality of the rivers. For this reason, it is important to take into account its role in a context of climate change and scarcity of resources.